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Flex & Grid 综合实践示例

1. 顶栏导航（Flex）​

.header {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 24px;
  padding: 0 20px;
  min-height: 56px;
}
.header__brand { flex: 0 0 auto; }
.header__nav {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 12px 16px;
  flex: 1 1 auto;
  min-width: 0;
}
.header__actions {
  margin-left: auto;
  display: flex;
  gap: 8px;
  flex: 0 0 auto;
}

2. 水平垂直居中（Flex）​

.modal-backdrop {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 100vh;
  padding: 16px;
}
.modal {
  width: min(480px, 100%);
}

3. 响应式卡片墙（Grid）​

.cards {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(min(100%, 260px), 1fr));
  gap: 16px;
  align-content: start;
}
.card {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 12px;
  padding: 16px;
  border: 1px solid #e5e5e5;
  border-radius: 8px;
}
.card__footer {
  margin-top: auto;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  gap: 8px;
}

4. 后台管理骨架（Grid + Flex）​

.app {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 240px 1fr;
  grid-template-rows: 56px minmax(0, 1fr);
  grid-template-areas:
    "sidebar topbar"
    "sidebar content";
  height: 100vh;
}
.sidebar { grid-area: sidebar; overflow: auto; }
.topbar {
  grid-area: topbar;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 16px;
  padding: 0 16px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
}
.content {
  grid-area: content;
  min-height: 0;
  overflow: auto;
  padding: 24px;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .app {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    grid-template-rows: 56px minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
    grid-template-areas:
      "topbar"
      "content"
      "sidebar";
  }
}

5. 圣杯式内容页（Grid areas）​

.holy {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 200px 1fr 220px;
  grid-template-rows: auto 1fr auto;
  grid-template-areas:
    "header header header"
    "nav    main   aside"
    "footer footer footer";
  gap: 16px;
  min-height: 100vh;
}
.holy__header { grid-area: header; }
.holy__nav    { grid-area: nav; }
.holy__main   { grid-area: main; min-width: 0; }
.holy__aside  { grid-area: aside; }
.holy__footer { grid-area: footer; }

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .holy {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    grid-template-areas:
      "header"
      "main"
      "nav"
      "aside"
      "footer";
  }
}

6. 两栏：固定侧栏 + 自适应主区（Flex）​

.split {
  display: flex;
  gap: 24px;
  align-items: flex-start;
}
.split__side {
  flex: 0 0 280px;
}
.split__main {
  flex: 1 1 auto;
  min-width: 0;
}

@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .split { flex-direction: column; }
  .split__side { flex-basis: auto; width: 100%; }
}

7. 表单标签对齐（Grid）​

.form {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: max-content 1fr;
  gap: 12px 16px;
  align-items: center;
}
.form label { justify-self: end; }
.form .full-row {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
}
.form .actions {
  grid-column: 2;
  display: flex;
  gap: 8px;
  justify-content: flex-start;
}

8. 媒体对象：图文横向（Flex）​

.media {
  display: flex;
  gap: 12px;
  align-items: flex-start;
}
.media__img {
  flex: 0 0 64px;
  width: 64px;
  height: 64px;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: 8px;
}
.media__body {
  flex: 1 1 auto;
  min-width: 0;
}
.media__title {
  margin: 0 0 4px;
  white-space: nowrap;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
}

9. 英雄区跨列（Grid）​

.gallery {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  grid-auto-rows: 120px;
  gap: 12px;
}
.gallery__hero {
  grid-column: span 2;
  grid-row: span 2;
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .gallery { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  .gallery__hero { grid-column: span 2; grid-row: span 1; }
}

10. 内容限宽 + 通栏破出（Grid）​

.prose-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr min(65ch, calc(100% - 32px)) 1fr;
  row-gap: 1.25rem;
}
.prose-layout > * {
  grid-column: 2;
}
.prose-layout > .full-bleed {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
}

使用建议​

  1. 先选对模型（见《Flex vs Grid：选型对比》），再复制模式改 token
  2. 凡「可收缩主区域」都带上 min-width: 0 / min-height: 0 或 minmax(0, 1fr)
  3. 间距优先 gap，结构优先语义化 HTML，避免靠 order 救响应式
  4. 上线前用目标最低浏览器过一遍 gap、auto-fit、滚动区域

更多原理与坑点见同库其它条目：容器/项目属性、兼容性、注意事项。